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Brazilian public expenditure on education

Source: R/get_expenditure.R
get_expenditure.Rd

Returns the harmonised series of public expenditure on education, compiled by Kang & Menetrier (2024) from the long-run Brazilian national accounts and educational statistics. Three indicator families are exposed:

Usage

get_expenditure(
  level = NULL,
  indicator = NULL,
  year = NULL,
  source = NULL,
  wide = FALSE,
  lang = c("en", "pt")
)

Arguments

level

Character vector of stage codes: "fundamental_anos_iniciais", "fundamental_anos_finais", "fundamental", "medio", "fundamental_medio", "superior", "total". The two "double ratio" indicators are tagged with level = "total". NULL (default) means no filter.

indicator

Character vector. Convenience aliases are accepted: "share_gdp", "per_student", "double_ratio_es_ef1", "double_ratio_es_ef_em". Full indicator keys ("expenditure_share_gdp", etc.) also work. NULL (default) returns all four indicators.

year

Integer vector or two-element c(min, max) range. NULL for all years.

source

Character vector of source keys. NULL returns all available sources (currently only "kang_menetrier_2024").

wide

Logical. If TRUE, pivots the result to wide form (one column per indicator). Default FALSE.

lang

One of "en" (default) or "pt". When "pt", factor levels and indicator labels are translated via inst/dict/i18n.yaml.

Value

A tibble in the canonical educabr2 long schema (see inst/dict/schema.yaml). Columns: year, geo_level, geo_code, geo_name, level, network, dim_race, age_group, indicator, value, unit, source, source_note. network is always "publica" (public-sector expenditure only).

Details

  • expenditure_share_gdp — total public expenditure on a given stage, as share of GDP.

  • expenditure_per_student_pct_gdp_pc — per-student public expenditure in the public network, expressed as share of GDP per capita (a unit-free, cross-country-comparable measure).

  • expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef1 and expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef_em — Kang & Menetrier's "double ratio" indicators of fiscal regressivity (per-student spending on tertiary divided by per-student spending on, respectively, EF1 and EF+EM combined).

All series are national (BR), 1933-2010. The data behind this function is the internal dataset expenditure_kang_fgv.

Examples

if (FALSE) {
# Total public expenditure on education as share of GDP
get_expenditure(indicator = "share_gdp", level = "total")

# Per-student spending in tertiary education over time
get_expenditure(indicator = "per_student", level = "superior")

# The fiscal-regressivity "double ratio" — ES vs EF1
get_expenditure(indicator = "double_ratio_es_ef1")

# All indicators for 1933-1950 in wide form
get_expenditure(year = c(1933, 1950), wide = TRUE)
}