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Long-run Brazilian public expenditure on education, compiled by Kang & Menetrier (2024) from a combination of national-accounts sources (Anuário Estatístico, IPEA, FGV-IBRE) and educational statistics. The dataset is the internal backing store consumed by get_expenditure(); end-users should call that function rather than loading this object directly.

Usage

expenditure_kang_fgv

Format

A tibble with approximately 1 170 rows and 13 columns:

year

integer. Reference year (1933–2010).

geo_level

character. Always "BR".

geo_code

character. Always "BR".

geo_name

character. Always "Brasil".

level

character. Education stage: "fundamental_anos_iniciais", "fundamental_anos_finais", "fundamental", "medio", "fundamental_medio" (EF+EM combined, i.e. educação básica regular), "superior", or "total". The two "double ratio" indicators carry level = "total" because they are system-wide ratios rather than per-stage values.

network

character. Always "publica" — these are public-sector expenditure indicators.

dim_race

character. Always "total".

age_group

character. Always NA.

indicator

character. One of "expenditure_share_gdp", "expenditure_per_student_pct_gdp_pc", "expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef1", "expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef_em".

value

double.

unit

character. One of "percent_gdp", "percent_gdp_per_capita", or "ratio" (for the double ratios).

source

character. Always "kang_menetrier_2024".

source_note

character. Inline bibliographic reference.

Source

Kang, T. H., & Menetrier, I. (2024). Políticas elitistas e despesas públicas em educação no Brasil, 1933-2010. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 54(3), e53575434. doi:10.1590/1980-53575434tkim . Compilation: FGV/IBRE (April 2023 revision). ETL script: data-raw/04_build_expenditure_kang_fgv.R.

Coverage

IndicatorStagesYears
expenditure_share_gdpEF1/EF2/EF/EM/EF+EM/ES/total1933–2010
expenditure_per_student_pct_gdp_pcEF1/EF2/EF/EM/EF+EM/ES1933–2010
expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef11933–2010
expenditure_double_ratio_es_ef_em1933–2010