Enrollment by Sector, Access Route and Time of Day

SEDAP+
Matrículas
Turno
Via de Acesso
Enrollment broken down by sector, access route (quota/general) and time of day (morning/evening/distance).
Published

August 5, 2026

Overview

This figure breaks down Brazilian higher-education enrollment by sector (public vs. private), access route (how the student got their seat — scholarship, loan, reserved quota, or open admission), and time of day (morning/evening in-person, or distance learning). It offers a detailed map of the different doors through which students enter the system, and how the size of each door has changed.

Methodology

Built from student-level records of the Higher Education Census (Censo da Educação Superior), extracted via INEP’s protected-access platform SEDAP+ (Serviço de Acesso a Dados Protegidos), because INEP stopped publishing the full student-level microdata after 2019. Sector follows the institution’s administrative category (public vs. private). Access route is assigned by precedence within the private sector — ProUni scholarship first, then FIES loan among those without ProUni, then open admission — so categories are disjoint by construction. Within the public sector the split is reserved seat (affirmative-action quota) versus open admission. SEDAP+ answers only aggregate queries and applies differential privacy, which in practice suppresses cells with few individuals rather than adding appreciable noise; the extraction groups at exactly the granularity the figure displays, at which no cell is suppressed. Against published microdata for years where both exist, SEDAP+ totals run 0.6% to 1.1% low, a small and systematic gap.

How to Cite

If you use this figure or the pipeline behind it, please cite both the dissertation and this specific analysis. References follow APA 7th edition.

Dissertation (in preparation; the entry will be updated after the defense):

Mançano, T. (2026). Inequality in access to tertiary education in Brazil: Household incomes, reforming policies, and the politics of who gets in (1990s–2020s) [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of São Paulo.

This figure and pipeline:

Mançano, T. (2026, August 5). Enrollment by sector, access route and time of day [Figure and reproducible pipeline]. Open Data Analysis. https://mancano-tales.github.io/open-data-analysis/posts/matriculas-turno-via-acesso/

In text: (Mançano, 2026) — when citing several analyses from this catalog in the same work, APA distinguishes them as 2026a, 2026b, … in the order they appear in the reference list.

BibTeX:

@mastersthesis{Mancano2026Thesis,
  author = {Man\c{c}ano, Tales},
  title  = {Inequality in Access to Tertiary Education in Brazil: Household
            Incomes, Reforming Policies, and the Politics of Who Gets In
            (1990s--2020s)},
  school = {University of S\~{a}o Paulo},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Master's thesis},
  note   = {Unpublished; Graduate Program in Political Science}
}

@misc{Mancano2026_matriculas_turno_via_acesso,
  author       = {Man\c{c}ano, Tales},
  title        = {Enrollment by sector, access route and time of day},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = aug,
  howpublished = {Open Data Analysis, \url{https://mancano-tales.github.io/open-data-analysis/posts/matriculas-turno-via-acesso/}},
  note         = {Figure and reproducible pipeline. Source code: \url{https://github.com/mancano-tales/open-data-analysis}, folder posts/matriculas-turno-via-acesso/. Accessed YYYY-MM-DD}
}

A permanent version (Git tag + Zenodo DOI) will be linked here once the dissertation is defended; until then, cite the page URL above and add the date you accessed it (source code: https://github.com/mancano-tales/open-data-analysis, folder posts/matriculas-turno-via-acesso/).

Pipeline

Run these scripts in this order, from the project root (each one writes to data-raw/, which the next one reads):

  1. shared-pipeline/sedap/010_SEDAP_Cliente.R — SEDAP+ API client, sourced by the script below — requires the SEDAP_TOKEN environment variable
  2. shared-pipeline/sedap/020_Extrair_Nicho_2020_2024.R — extracts enrollment by sector × access route × shift/modality from the SUP_ALUNO tables 2010–2024 via SEDAP+ and writes data-raw/INEP/derived/nicho_agregado_sedap_2010_2024.csv
  3. plot.R — reads data-raw/INEP/derived/nicho_agregado_sedap_2010_2024.csv; writes the figure to output/figures/matriculas-turno-via-acesso/ — compare it with this post’s thumbnail.png

The SEDAP+ steps only run with an approved INEP credential exported as SEDAP_TOKEN (see Reproducibility below); the extracted CSV is not redistributed here.

Reproducibility

Tier: B

This pipeline depends on restricted INEP data accessible via SEDAP+ credentials (SEDAP_TOKEN environment variable). Without an approved credential, the scripts in shared-pipeline/sedap/ will not run — the logic remains available for audit, but full reproduction requires requesting access.